Referees
Head or "Up" Referee
- Has the final say in all calls made
- Directs serves, and calls out what violations were made to end play.
- Often stands on a large stand, to be clearly seen, and on opposite side of court from team benches.
Down Referee
- In charge of net and center line violations as well as “out of rotation” calls.
- Signals for substitutions
- Often acts as a mediator for any conflicts, disputes or questions about score keeping and calls
Line Judges
- There are often two, each on opposite corners of the court watching the boundary lines to call a ball in or out that lands on the floor.
- Line judges usually have flags, but if not they use their hands to signal in or out
- Flag or hands pointed straight up in the air signals an “out” call, and the flag or hands pointed straight out and down signals an “in” call.
